diff --git a/src/backend/distributed/commands/multi_copy.c b/src/backend/distributed/commands/multi_copy.c
index e79223816..e8dadb35d 100644
--- a/src/backend/distributed/commands/multi_copy.c
+++ b/src/backend/distributed/commands/multi_copy.c
@@ -346,9 +346,7 @@ static LocalCopyStatus GetLocalCopyStatus(void);
 static bool ShardIntervalListHasLocalPlacements(List *shardIntervalList);
 static void LogLocalCopyToRelationExecution(uint64 shardId);
 static void LogLocalCopyToFileExecution(uint64 shardId);
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_15
 static void ErrorIfMergeInCopy(CopyStmt *copyStatement);
-#endif
 
 
 /* exports for SQL callable functions */
@@ -2831,23 +2829,22 @@ CopyStatementHasFormat(CopyStmt *copyStatement, char *formatName)
 }
 
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_15
-
 /*
  * ErrorIfMergeInCopy Raises an exception if the MERGE is called in the COPY.
  */
 static void
 ErrorIfMergeInCopy(CopyStmt *copyStatement)
 {
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 150000
+	return;
+#else
 	if (!copyStatement->relation && (IsA(copyStatement->query, MergeStmt)))
 	{
 		ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
 						errmsg("MERGE not supported in COPY")));
 	}
-}
-
-
 #endif
+}
 
 
 /*
@@ -2860,9 +2857,7 @@ Node *
 ProcessCopyStmt(CopyStmt *copyStatement, QueryCompletion *completionTag, const
 				char *queryString)
 {
-	#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_15
 	ErrorIfMergeInCopy(copyStatement);
-	#endif
 
 	/*
 	 * Handle special COPY "resultid" FROM STDIN WITH (format result) commands
diff --git a/src/backend/distributed/planner/merge_planner.c b/src/backend/distributed/planner/merge_planner.c
index 730c53d39..cf3f13eab 100644
--- a/src/backend/distributed/planner/merge_planner.c
+++ b/src/backend/distributed/planner/merge_planner.c
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ static DistributedPlan * CreateNonPushableMergePlan(Oid targetRelationId, uint64
 													ParamListInfo boundParams);
 static char * MergeCommandResultIdPrefix(uint64 planId);
 static void ErrorIfMergeHasReturningList(Query *query);
+static Node * GetMergeJoinCondition(Query *mergeQuery);
 
 #endif
 
@@ -158,33 +159,49 @@ CreateMergePlan(uint64 planId, Query *originalQuery, Query *query,
 
 
 /*
- * GetMergeJoinConditionList returns all the Join conditions from the ON clause
+ * GetMergeJoinTree constructs and returns the jointree for a MERGE query.
  */
-List *
-GetMergeJoinConditionList(Query *mergeQuery)
+FromExpr *
+GetMergeJoinTree(Query *mergeQuery)
 {
+	FromExpr *mergeJointree = NULL;
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_17
-	List *mergeJoinConditionList = NIL;
-	if (IsA(mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition, List))
-	{
-		mergeJoinConditionList = (List *) mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		Node *joinClause =
-			eval_const_expressions(NULL, mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition);
-		joinClause = (Node *) canonicalize_qual((Expr *) joinClause, false);
-		mergeJoinConditionList = make_ands_implicit((Expr *) joinClause);
-	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In Postgres 17, the query tree has a specific field for the merge condition.
+	 * For deriving the WhereClauseList from the merge condition, we construct a dummy
+	 * jointree with an empty fromlist. This works because the fromlist of a merge query
+	 * join tree consists of range table references only, and range table references are
+	 * disregarded by the WhereClauseList() walker.
+	 */
+	mergeJointree = makeFromExpr(NIL, mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition);
 #else
-	List *mergeJoinConditionList = WhereClauseList(mergeQuery->jointree);
+	mergeJointree = mergeQuery->jointree;
 #endif
-	return mergeJoinConditionList;
+
+	return mergeJointree;
 }
 
 
 #if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_15
 
+
+/*
+ * GetMergeJoinCondition returns the quals of the ON condition
+ */
+static Node *
+GetMergeJoinCondition(Query *mergeQuery)
+{
+	Node *joinCondition = NULL;
+#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_17
+	joinCondition = (Node *) mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition;
+#else
+	joinCondition = (Node *) mergeQuery->jointree->quals;
+#endif
+	return joinCondition;
+}
+
+
 /*
  * CreateRouterMergePlan attempts to create a pushable plan for the given MERGE
  * SQL statement. If the planning fails, the ->planningError is set to a description
@@ -589,6 +606,7 @@ MergeQualAndTargetListFunctionsSupported(Oid resultRelationId, Query *query,
 										 List *targetList, CmdType commandType)
 {
 	uint32 targetRangeTableIndex = query->resultRelation;
+	FromExpr *joinTree = GetMergeJoinTree(query);
 	Var *distributionColumn = NULL;
 	if (IsCitusTable(resultRelationId) && HasDistributionKey(resultRelationId))
 	{
@@ -626,8 +644,7 @@ MergeQualAndTargetListFunctionsSupported(Oid resultRelationId, Query *query,
 		}
 
 		if (targetEntryDistributionColumn &&
-			TargetEntryChangesValue(targetEntry, distributionColumn, (Node *) query,
-									CMD_MERGE))
+			TargetEntryChangesValue(targetEntry, distributionColumn, joinTree))
 		{
 			return DeferredError(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
 								 "updating the distribution column is not "
@@ -749,11 +766,7 @@ ErrorIfRepartitionMergeNotSupported(Oid targetRelationId, Query *mergeQuery,
 	/*
 	 * Sub-queries and CTEs are not allowed in actions and ON clause
 	 */
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_17
-	Node *joinCondition = (Node *) mergeQuery->mergeJoinCondition;
-#else
-	Node *joinCondition = (Node *) mergeQuery->jointree->quals;
-#endif
+	Node *joinCondition = GetMergeJoinCondition(mergeQuery);
 
 	if (FindNodeMatchingCheckFunction(joinCondition, IsNodeSubquery))
 	{
@@ -1255,11 +1268,7 @@ ErrorIfMergeQueryQualAndTargetListNotSupported(Oid targetRelationId, Query *orig
 							   "supported in MERGE sql with distributed tables")));
 	}
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= PG_VERSION_17
-	Node *joinCondition = (Node *) originalQuery->mergeJoinCondition;
-#else
-	Node *joinCondition = (Node *) originalQuery->jointree->quals;
-#endif
+	Node *joinCondition = GetMergeJoinCondition(originalQuery);
 
 	DeferredErrorMessage *deferredError =
 		MergeQualAndTargetListFunctionsSupported(
@@ -1341,7 +1350,7 @@ static int
 SourceResultPartitionColumnIndex(Query *mergeQuery, List *sourceTargetList,
 								 CitusTableCacheEntry *targetRelation)
 {
-	List *mergeJoinConditionList = GetMergeJoinConditionList(mergeQuery);
+	List *mergeJoinConditionList = WhereClauseList(GetMergeJoinTree(mergeQuery));
 	Var *targetColumn = targetRelation->partitionColumn;
 	Var *sourceRepartitionVar = NULL;
 	bool foundTypeMismatch = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/distributed/planner/multi_router_planner.c b/src/backend/distributed/planner/multi_router_planner.c
index ee88bb551..72d1dddd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/distributed/planner/multi_router_planner.c
+++ b/src/backend/distributed/planner/multi_router_planner.c
@@ -597,9 +597,8 @@ TargetlistAndFunctionsSupported(Oid resultRelationId, FromExpr *joinTree, Node *
 								 NULL, NULL);
 		}
 
-		if (targetEntryPartitionColumn &&
-			TargetEntryChangesValue(targetEntry, partitionColumn,
-									(Node *) joinTree, commandType))
+		if (commandType == CMD_UPDATE && targetEntryPartitionColumn &&
+			TargetEntryChangesValue(targetEntry, partitionColumn, joinTree))
 		{
 			return DeferredError(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
 								 "modifying the partition value of rows is not "
@@ -1611,15 +1610,8 @@ MasterIrreducibleExpressionFunctionChecker(Oid func_id, void *context)
  * tree, or the target entry sets a different column.
  */
 bool
-TargetEntryChangesValue(TargetEntry *targetEntry, Var *column, Node *node, CmdType
-						commandType)
+TargetEntryChangesValue(TargetEntry *targetEntry, Var *column, FromExpr *joinTree)
 {
-	if (commandType != CMD_UPDATE && commandType != CMD_MERGE)
-	{
-		/* no-op */
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	bool isColumnValueChanged = true;
 	Expr *setExpr = targetEntry->expr;
 
@@ -1635,6 +1627,7 @@ TargetEntryChangesValue(TargetEntry *targetEntry, Var *column, Node *node, CmdTy
 	else if (IsA(setExpr, Const))
 	{
 		Const *newValue = (Const *) setExpr;
+		List *restrictClauseList = WhereClauseList(joinTree);
 		OpExpr *equalityExpr = MakeOpExpression(column, BTEqualStrategyNumber);
 		Node *rightOp = get_rightop((Expr *) equalityExpr);
 
@@ -1646,16 +1639,6 @@ TargetEntryChangesValue(TargetEntry *targetEntry, Var *column, Node *node, CmdTy
 		rightConst->constisnull = newValue->constisnull;
 		rightConst->constbyval = newValue->constbyval;
 
-		List *restrictClauseList = NIL;
-		if (commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
-		{
-			restrictClauseList = WhereClauseList((FromExpr *) node);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			restrictClauseList = GetMergeJoinConditionList((Query *) node);
-		}
-
 		bool predicateIsImplied = predicate_implied_by(list_make1(equalityExpr),
 													   restrictClauseList, false);
 		if (predicateIsImplied)
diff --git a/src/include/distributed/merge_planner.h b/src/include/distributed/merge_planner.h
index a1470caa7..53d451ea6 100644
--- a/src/include/distributed/merge_planner.h
+++ b/src/include/distributed/merge_planner.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ extern void NonPushableMergeCommandExplainScan(CustomScanState *node, List *ance
 											   struct ExplainState *es);
 extern Var * FetchAndValidateInsertVarIfExists(Oid targetRelationId, Query *query);
 extern RangeTblEntry * ExtractMergeSourceRangeTableEntry(Query *query, bool joinSourceOk);
-extern List * GetMergeJoinConditionList(Query *mergeQuery);
+extern FromExpr * GetMergeJoinTree(Query *mergeQuery);
 
 
 #endif /* MERGE_PLANNER_H */
diff --git a/src/include/distributed/multi_router_planner.h b/src/include/distributed/multi_router_planner.h
index b80b10530..ae75ee631 100644
--- a/src/include/distributed/multi_router_planner.h
+++ b/src/include/distributed/multi_router_planner.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ extern DeferredErrorMessage * TargetlistAndFunctionsSupported(Oid resultRelation
 															  List *returningList);
 extern bool NodeIsFieldStore(Node *node);
 extern bool TargetEntryChangesValue(TargetEntry *targetEntry, Var *column,
-									Node *node, CmdType commandType);
+									FromExpr *joinTree);
 extern bool MasterIrreducibleExpression(Node *expression, bool *varArgument,
 										bool *badCoalesce);
 extern bool HasDangerousJoinUsing(List *rtableList, Node *jtnode);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_0.out b/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_0.out
index a7e3fbf20..8b26f4ae9 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_0.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_0.out
@@ -4,3 +4,102 @@ SELECT substring(:'server_version', '\d+')::int >= 15 AS server_version_ge_15
 \if :server_version_ge_15
 \else
 \q
+\endif
+--
+-- MERGE test from PG community (adapted to Citus by converting all tables to Citus local)
+--
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS pgmerge_schema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  schema "pgmerge_schema" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE SCHEMA pgmerge_schema;
+SET search_path TO pgmerge_schema;
+SET citus.use_citus_managed_tables to true;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS target;
+NOTICE:  table "target" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS source;
+NOTICE:  table "source" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE target (tid integer, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE source (sid integer, delta integer) -- no index
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+SELECT citus_add_local_table_to_metadata('target');
+ citus_add_local_table_to_metadata
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citus_add_local_table_to_metadata('source');
+ citus_add_local_table_to_metadata
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT errors
+-- used in a CTE
+WITH foo AS (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  MERGE not supported in WITH query
+-- used in COPY
+COPY (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  MERGE not supported in COPY
+-- used in a CTE with RETURNING
+WITH foo AS (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE RETURNING target.*
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "RETURNING"
+-- used in COPY with RETURNING
+COPY (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE RETURNING target.*
+) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "RETURNING"
+-- unsupported relation types
+-- view
+CREATE VIEW tv AS SELECT count(tid) AS tid FROM target;
+MERGE INTO tv t
+USING source s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  cannot execute MERGE on relation "tv"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+DROP VIEW tv;
+CREATE TABLE sq_target (tid integer NOT NULL, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE sq_source (delta integer, sid integer, balance integer DEFAULT 0)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+SELECT citus_add_local_table_to_metadata('sq_target');
+ citus_add_local_table_to_metadata
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT citus_add_local_table_to_metadata('sq_source');
+ citus_add_local_table_to_metadata
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO sq_target(tid, balance) VALUES (1,100), (2,200), (3,300);
+INSERT INTO sq_source(sid, delta) VALUES (1,10), (2,20), (4,40);
+CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM sq_source WHERE sid < 2;
+-- RETURNING
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+        INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+        DELETE
+RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "RETURNING"
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7e3fbf20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/merge_unsupported_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SHOW server_version \gset
+SELECT substring(:'server_version', '\d+')::int >= 15 AS server_version_ge_15
+\gset
+\if :server_version_ge_15
+\else
+\q
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/pg15.out b/src/test/regress/expected/pg15.out
index c06142671..9f571e40a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/pg15.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/pg15.out
@@ -437,11 +437,6 @@ MERGE INTO tbl1 USING targq ON (true)
 WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
 ERROR:  The required join operation is missing between the target's distribution column and any expression originating from the source. The issue may arise from a non-equi-join.
 DETAIL:  Without a equi-join condition on the target's distribution column, the source rows cannot be efficiently redistributed, and the NOT-MATCHED condition cannot be evaluated unambiguously. This can result in incorrect or unexpected results when attempting to merge tables in a distributed setting
-WITH foo AS (
-  MERGE INTO tbl1 USING tbl2 ON (true)
-  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
-) SELECT * FROM foo;
-ERROR:  MERGE not supported in WITH query
 COPY (
   MERGE INTO tbl1 USING tbl2 ON (true)
   WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/pg15.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/pg15.sql
index 0d53bc9dd..25ada1cc2 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/pg15.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/pg15.sql
@@ -287,11 +287,6 @@ WITH targq AS (
 MERGE INTO tbl1 USING targq ON (true)
 WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
 
-WITH foo AS (
-  MERGE INTO tbl1 USING tbl2 ON (true)
-  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
-) SELECT * FROM foo;
-
 COPY (
   MERGE INTO tbl1 USING tbl2 ON (true)
   WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE