--
-- MULTI_INSERT_SELECT
--

SET citus.next_shard_id TO 13300000;
SET citus.next_placement_id TO 13300000;

-- create co-located tables
SET citus.shard_count = 4;
SET citus.shard_replication_factor = 2;

-- order of execution might change in parallel executions
-- and the error details might contain the worker node
-- so be less verbose with \set VERBOSITY TERSE when necessary

CREATE TABLE raw_events_first (user_id int, time timestamp, value_1 int, value_2 int, value_3 float, value_4 bigint, UNIQUE(user_id, value_1));
SELECT create_distributed_table('raw_events_first', 'user_id');

CREATE TABLE raw_events_second (user_id int, time timestamp, value_1 int, value_2 int, value_3 float, value_4 bigint, UNIQUE(user_id, value_1));
SELECT create_distributed_table('raw_events_second', 'user_id');

CREATE TABLE agg_events (user_id int, value_1_agg int, value_2_agg int, value_3_agg float, value_4_agg bigint, agg_time timestamp, UNIQUE(user_id, value_1_agg));
SELECT create_distributed_table('agg_events', 'user_id');;

-- create the reference table as well
CREATE TABLE reference_table (user_id int);
SELECT create_reference_table('reference_table');

CREATE TABLE insert_select_varchar_test (key varchar, value int);
SELECT create_distributed_table('insert_select_varchar_test', 'key', 'hash');

-- set back to the defaults
SET citus.shard_count = DEFAULT;
SET citus.shard_replication_factor = DEFAULT;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (1, now(), 10, 100, 1000.1, 10000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (2, now(), 20, 200, 2000.1, 20000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (3, now(), 30, 300, 3000.1, 30000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (4, now(), 40, 400, 4000.1, 40000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (5, now(), 50, 500, 5000.1, 50000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (6, now(), 60, 600, 6000.1, 60000);

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- raw table to raw table
INSERT INTO raw_events_second  SELECT * FROM raw_events_first;

-- see that our first multi shard INSERT...SELECT works expected
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
FROM
   raw_events_first, raw_events_second
WHERE
   raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
ORDER BY
  user_id DESC;

-- see that we get unique vialitons
\set VERBOSITY TERSE
INSERT INTO raw_events_second  SELECT * FROM raw_events_first;
\set VERBOSITY DEFAULT

-- stable functions should be allowed
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, time)
SELECT
  user_id, now()
FROM
  raw_events_first
WHERE
  user_id < 0;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id)
SELECT
  user_id
FROM
  raw_events_first
WHERE
  time > now() + interval '1 day';

-- hide version-dependent PL/pgSQL context messages
\set VERBOSITY terse

-- make sure we evaluate stable functions on the master, once
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION evaluate_on_master()
RETURNS int LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE
AS $function$
BEGIN
  RAISE NOTICE 'evaluating on master';
  RETURN 0;
END;
$function$;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, value_1)
SELECT
  user_id, evaluate_on_master()
FROM
  raw_events_first
WHERE
  user_id < 0;

-- make sure we don't evaluate stable functions with column arguments
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION evaluate_on_master(x int)
RETURNS int LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE
AS $function$
BEGIN
  RAISE NOTICE 'evaluating on master';
  RETURN x;
END;
$function$;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, value_1)
SELECT
  user_id, evaluate_on_master(value_1)
FROM
  raw_events_first
WHERE
  user_id = 0;


-- add one more row
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time) VALUES
                         (7, now());

-- try a single shard query
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, time) SELECT user_id, time FROM raw_events_first WHERE user_id = 7;


SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- add one more row
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (8, now(), 80, 800, 8000, 80000);


-- reorder columns
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time)
SELECT
   value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time
FROM
   raw_events_first
WHERE
   user_id = 8;

-- a zero shard select
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time)
SELECT
   value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time
FROM
   raw_events_first
WHERE
   false;


-- another zero shard select
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time)
SELECT
   value_2, value_1, value_3, value_4, user_id, time
FROM
   raw_events_first
WHERE
   0 != 0;

-- add one more row
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (9, now(), 90, 900, 9000, 90000);


-- show that RETURNING also works
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, value_1, value_3)
SELECT
   user_id, value_1, value_3
FROM
   raw_events_first
WHERE
   value_3 = 9000
RETURNING *;

-- hits two shards
\set VERBOSITY TERSE
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, value_1, value_3)
SELECT
   user_id, value_1, value_3
FROM
   raw_events_first
WHERE
   user_id = 9 OR user_id = 16
RETURNING *;

-- now do some aggregations
INSERT INTO agg_events
SELECT
   user_id, sum(value_1), avg(value_2), sum(value_3), count(value_4)
FROM
   raw_events_first
GROUP BY
   user_id;

-- group by column not exists on the SELECT target list
INSERT INTO agg_events (value_3_agg, value_4_agg, value_1_agg, user_id)
SELECT
   sum(value_3), count(value_4), sum(value_1), user_id
FROM
   raw_events_first
GROUP BY
   value_2, user_id
RETURNING *;


-- some subquery tests
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_1_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT SUM(value_1),
       id
FROM   (SELECT raw_events_second.user_id AS id,
               raw_events_second.value_1
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id) AS foo
GROUP  BY id
ORDER  BY id;


-- subquery one more level depth
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_4_agg,
             value_1_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id) AS foo
ORDER  BY id;

\set VERBOSITY DEFAULT

-- join between subqueries
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id)
SELECT f2.id FROM

(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id);

-- add one more level subqueris on top of subquery JOINs
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
FROM
(
  SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
    (SELECT
          id
      FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
               FROM   raw_events_first,
                      reference_table
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
  INNER JOIN
    (SELECT v4,
          v1,
          id
    FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
            FROM   raw_events_first,
                    raw_events_second
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
            GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
            HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
GROUP BY
  outer_most.id;


-- subqueries in WHERE clause
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT user_id
                   FROM   raw_events_second
                   WHERE  user_id = 2);

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
             (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT user_id
                   FROM   raw_events_second
                   WHERE  user_id != 2 AND value_1 = 2000)
ON conflict (user_id, value_1) DO NOTHING;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT user_id
                   FROM  raw_events_second WHERE false);

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT user_id
                  FROM   raw_events_second
                   WHERE value_1 = 1000 OR value_1 = 2000 OR value_1 = 3000);

-- lets mix subqueries in FROM clause and subqueries in WHERE
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id)
SELECT f2.id FROM

(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 1000) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT user_id
               FROM   raw_events_second);

-- some UPSERTS
INSERT INTO agg_events AS ae
            (
                        user_id,
                        value_1_agg,
                        agg_time
            )
SELECT user_id,
       value_1,
       time
FROM   raw_events_first
ON conflict (user_id, value_1_agg)
DO UPDATE
   SET    agg_time = EXCLUDED.agg_time
   WHERE  ae.agg_time < EXCLUDED.agg_time;

-- upserts with returning
INSERT INTO agg_events AS ae
            (
                        user_id,
                        value_1_agg,
                        agg_time
            )
SELECT user_id,
       value_1,
       time
FROM   raw_events_first
ON conflict (user_id, value_1_agg)
DO UPDATE
   SET    agg_time = EXCLUDED.agg_time
   WHERE  ae.agg_time < EXCLUDED.agg_time
RETURNING user_id, value_1_agg;


INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT
   user_id, sum(value_1 + value_2)
FROM
   raw_events_first GROUP BY user_id;

--  FILTER CLAUSE
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT
   user_id, sum(value_1 + value_2) FILTER (where value_3 = 15)
FROM
   raw_events_first GROUP BY user_id;

-- a test with reference table JOINs
INSERT INTO
  agg_events (user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT
  raw_events_first.user_id, sum(value_1)
FROM
  reference_table, raw_events_first
WHERE
  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id
GROUP BY
  raw_events_first.user_id;

-- a note on the outer joins is that
-- we filter out outer join results
-- where partition column returns
-- NULL. Thus, we could INSERT less rows
-- than we expect from subquery result.
-- see the following tests

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- we don't want to see constraint violations, so truncate first
TRUNCATE agg_events;
-- add a row to first table to make table contents different
INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (10, now(), 100, 10000, 10000, 100000);

DELETE FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 2;

-- we select 11 rows
SELECT t1.user_id AS col1,
         t2.user_id AS col2
  FROM   raw_events_first t1
         FULL JOIN raw_events_second t2
                ON t1.user_id = t2.user_id
  ORDER  BY t1.user_id,
            t2.user_id;

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;
-- we insert 10 rows since we filtered out
-- NULL partition column values
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT t1.user_id AS col1,
       t2.user_id AS col2
FROM   raw_events_first t1
       FULL JOIN raw_events_second t2
              ON t1.user_id = t2.user_id;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
-- see that the results are different from the SELECT query
SELECT
  user_id, value_1_agg
FROM
  agg_events
ORDER BY
  user_id, value_1_agg;

-- we don't want to see constraint violations, so truncate first
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
TRUNCATE agg_events;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- DISTINCT clause
INSERT INTO agg_events (value_1_agg, user_id)
  SELECT
    DISTINCT value_1, user_id
  FROM
    raw_events_first;

-- we don't want to see constraint violations, so truncate first
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
truncate agg_events;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- DISTINCT ON clauses are supported
-- distinct on(non-partition column)
-- values are pulled to master
INSERT INTO agg_events (value_1_agg, user_id)
  SELECT
    DISTINCT ON (value_1) value_1, user_id
  FROM
    raw_events_first;

SELECT user_id, value_1_agg FROM agg_events ORDER BY 1,2;

-- we don't want to see constraint violations, so truncate first
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
truncate agg_events;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- distinct on(partition column)
-- queries are forwared to workers
INSERT INTO agg_events (value_1_agg, user_id)
  SELECT
    DISTINCT ON (user_id) value_1, user_id
  FROM
    raw_events_first;

SELECT user_id, value_1_agg FROM agg_events ORDER BY 1,2;

-- We support CTEs
-- but prefer to prevent inlining of the CTE
-- in order not to diverge from pg 11 vs pg 12
BEGIN;
SET LOCAL citus.enable_cte_inlining TO false;
WITH fist_table_agg AS
  (SELECT max(value_1)+1 as v1_agg, user_id FROM raw_events_first GROUP BY user_id)
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_1_agg, user_id)
            SELECT
              v1_agg, user_id
            FROM
              fist_table_agg;
ROLLBACK;

-- We don't support CTEs that are referenced in the target list
INSERT INTO agg_events
  WITH sub_cte AS (SELECT 1)
  SELECT
    raw_events_first.user_id, (SELECT * FROM sub_cte)
  FROM
    raw_events_first;

-- We support set operations via the coordinator
BEGIN;

INSERT INTO
  raw_events_first(user_id)
SELECT
  user_id
FROM
  ((SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_first) UNION
   (SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second)) as foo;

ROLLBACK;

-- We do support set operations through recursive planning
BEGIN;
SET LOCAL client_min_messages TO DEBUG;
INSERT INTO
  raw_events_first(user_id)
  (SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_first) INTERSECT
  (SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_first);
ROLLBACK;

-- If the query is router plannable then it is executed via the coordinator
INSERT INTO
  raw_events_first(user_id)
SELECT
  user_id
FROM
  ((SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_first WHERE user_id = 15) EXCEPT
   (SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second where user_id = 17)) as foo;

-- some supported LEFT joins
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first  LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_second.user_id
 FROM
   reference_table LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON reference_table.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_first.user_id = 10;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_second.user_id = 10 OR raw_events_second.user_id = 11;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_first.user_id = 10 AND raw_events_first.user_id = 20;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_first.user_id = 10 AND raw_events_second.user_id = 20;

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_first.user_id IN (19, 20, 21);

 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
   WHERE raw_events_second.user_id IN (19, 20, 21);

SET client_min_messages TO WARNING;

 -- following query should use repartitioned joins and results should
 -- be routed via coordinator
 SET citus.enable_repartition_joins TO true;
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id)
 SELECT raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM   raw_events_first,
        raw_events_second
 WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.value_1
        AND raw_events_first.value_1 = 12;

 -- some unsupported LEFT/INNER JOINs
 -- JOIN on one table with partition column other is not
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1;

 -- same as the above with INNER JOIN
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1;

 -- a not meaningful query
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id)
 SELECT raw_events_second.user_id
 FROM   raw_events_first,
        raw_events_second
 WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_first.value_1;

 -- both tables joined on non-partition columns
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.value_1 = raw_events_second.value_1;

 -- same as the above with INNER JOIN
 -- we support this with route to coordinator
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.value_1 = raw_events_second.value_1;
$Q$);

-- EXPLAIN ANALYZE is not supported for INSERT ... SELECT via coordinator
EXPLAIN (costs off, analyze on)
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.value_1 = raw_events_second.value_1;

-- even if there is a filter on the partition key, since the join is not on the partition key we reject
-- this query
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
SELECT
  raw_events_first.user_id
FROM
  raw_events_first LEFT JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1
WHERE
  raw_events_first.user_id = 10;

 -- same as the above with INNER JOIN
 -- we support this with route to coordinator
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1
 WHERE raw_events_first.user_id = 10;
$Q$);

 -- make things a bit more complicate with IN clauses
 -- we support this with route to coordinator
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
 SELECT
   raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM
   raw_events_first INNER JOIN raw_events_second ON raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1
   WHERE raw_events_first.value_1 IN (10, 11,12) OR raw_events_second.user_id IN (1,2,3,4);
$Q$);

 -- implicit join on non partition column should also not be pushed down,
 -- so we fall back to route via coordinator
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id)
 SELECT raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM   raw_events_first,
        raw_events_second
 WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.value_1;
$Q$);

RESET client_min_messages;

 -- The following is again a tricky query for Citus. If the given filter was
 -- on value_1 as shown in the above, Citus could push it down and use
 -- distributed INSERT/SELECT. But we instead fall back to route via coordinator.
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id)
 SELECT raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM   raw_events_first,
        raw_events_second
 WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.value_1
        AND raw_events_first.value_2 = 12;
$Q$);

 -- foo is not joined on the partition key so the query is not
 -- pushed down. So instead we route via coordinator.
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id, value_4_agg)
 SELECT
   outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
 FROM
 (
   SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
     (SELECT
           id
       FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
                FROM   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN
                       reference_table
             ON (raw_events_first.value_1 = reference_table.user_id)) AS foo) as f
   INNER JOIN
     (SELECT v4,
           v1,
           id
     FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
                SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
                raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
             FROM   raw_events_first,
                     raw_events_second
             WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
             GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
             HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
 ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
 GROUP BY
   outer_most.id;
$Q$);

 -- if the given filter was on value_1 as shown in the above, Citus could
 -- push it down. But here the query falls back to route via coordinator.
 SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
 EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id)
 SELECT raw_events_first.user_id
 FROM   raw_events_first,
        raw_events_second
 WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.value_1
        AND raw_events_first.value_2 = 12;
$Q$);

 -- foo is not joined on the partition key so the query is not
 -- pushed down, and it falls back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id, value_4_agg)
 SELECT
   outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
 FROM
 (
   SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
     (SELECT
           id
       FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
                FROM   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN
                       reference_table
             ON (raw_events_first.value_1 = reference_table.user_id)) AS foo) as f
   INNER JOIN
     (SELECT v4,
           v1,
           id
     FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
                SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
                raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
             FROM   raw_events_first,
                     raw_events_second
             WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
             GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
             HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
 ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
 GROUP BY
   outer_most.id;
$Q$);

INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_4_agg,
             value_1_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id != raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id) AS foo;


SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- INSERT returns NULL partition key value via coordinator
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_4_agg,
             value_1_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.value_3      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.value_3) AS foo;

-- error cases
-- no part column at all
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (value_1)
SELECT value_1
FROM   raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (value_1)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT value_1
FROM   raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id * 2
FROM   raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id :: bigint
FROM   raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_3_agg,
             value_4_agg,
             value_1_agg,
             value_2_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT SUM(value_3),
       Count(value_4),
       user_id,
       SUM(value_1),
       Avg(value_2)
FROM   raw_events_first
GROUP  BY user_id;

INSERT INTO agg_events
            (value_3_agg,
             value_4_agg,
             value_1_agg,
             value_2_agg,
             user_id)
SELECT SUM(value_3),
       Count(value_4),
       user_id,
       SUM(value_1),
       value_2
FROM   raw_events_first
GROUP  BY user_id,
          value_2;

-- tables should be co-located
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id)
SELECT
  user_id
FROM
  reference_table;

-- foo2 is recursively planned and INSERT...SELECT is done via coordinator
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id)
SELECT f2.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               raw_events_second.value_1 AS v1,
               SUM(raw_events_second.user_id)      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.value_1
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id);


-- the second part of the query is not routable since
-- GROUP BY not on the partition column (i.e., value_1) and thus join
-- on f.id = f2.id is not on the partition key (instead on the sum of partition key)
-- but we still recursively plan foo2 and run the query
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id)
SELECT f.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT raw_events_first.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               raw_events_second.value_1 AS v1,
               SUM(raw_events_second.user_id)      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.value_1
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id);

SET client_min_messages TO WARNING;

-- cannot pushdown the query since the JOIN is not equi JOIN
-- falls back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
 FROM
(
  SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
    (SELECT
          id
      FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
               FROM   raw_events_first,
                      reference_table
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
  INNER JOIN
    (SELECT v4,
          v1,
          id
    FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
            FROM   raw_events_first,
                    raw_events_second
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
            GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
            HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id != f2.id)) as outer_most
GROUP BY outer_most.id;
$Q$);

-- cannot pushdown since foo2 is not join on partition key
-- falls back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
FROM
(
  SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
    (SELECT
          id
      FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
               FROM   raw_events_first,
                      reference_table
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
  INNER JOIN
    (SELECT v4,
          v1,
          id
    FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
            FROM   raw_events_first,
                    raw_events_second
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.value_1
            GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
            HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
GROUP BY
  outer_most.id;
$Q$);

-- cannot push down since foo doesn't have en equi join
-- falls back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
FROM
(
  SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
    (SELECT
          id
      FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
               FROM   raw_events_first,
                      reference_table
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id != reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
  INNER JOIN
    (SELECT v4,
          v1,
          id
    FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
            FROM   raw_events_first,
                    raw_events_second
            WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
            GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
            HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
GROUP BY
  outer_most.id;
$Q$);

-- some unsupported LATERAL JOINs
-- join on averages is not on the partition key
-- should fall back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  averages.user_id, avg(averages.value_4)
FROM
    (SELECT
      raw_events_second.user_id
    FROM
      reference_table JOIN raw_events_second on (reference_table.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id)
    ) reference_ids
  JOIN LATERAL
    (SELECT
      user_id, value_4
    FROM
      raw_events_first WHERE
      value_4 = reference_ids.user_id) as averages ON true
    GROUP BY averages.user_id;
$Q$);

-- join among reference_ids and averages is not on the partition key
-- should fall back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  averages.user_id, avg(averages.value_4)
FROM
    (SELECT
      raw_events_second.user_id
    FROM
      reference_table JOIN raw_events_second on (reference_table.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id)
    ) reference_ids
  JOIN LATERAL
    (SELECT
      user_id, value_4
    FROM
      raw_events_first) as averages ON averages.value_4 = reference_ids.user_id
    GROUP BY averages.user_id;
$Q$);

-- join among the agg_ids and averages is not on the partition key
-- should fall back to route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events (user_id, value_4_agg)
SELECT
  averages.user_id, avg(averages.value_4)
FROM
    (SELECT
      raw_events_second.user_id
    FROM
      reference_table JOIN raw_events_second on (reference_table.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id)
    ) reference_ids
  JOIN LATERAL
    (SELECT
      user_id, value_4
    FROM
      raw_events_first) as averages ON averages.user_id = reference_ids.user_id
JOIN LATERAL
    (SELECT user_id, value_4 FROM agg_events) as agg_ids ON (agg_ids.value_4 = averages.user_id)
    GROUP BY averages.user_id;
$Q$);

-- Selected value in the WHERE is not partition key, so we cannot use distributed
-- INSERT/SELECT and falls back route via coordinator
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT value_1
                   FROM   raw_events_second);
$Q$);

-- same as above but slightly more complex
-- since it also includes subquery in FROM as well
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id)
SELECT f2.id FROM

(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT value_1
               FROM   raw_events_second);
$Q$);

-- some more semi-anti join tests

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- join in where
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (SELECT raw_events_second.user_id
                   FROM   raw_events_second, raw_events_first
                   WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.user_id AND raw_events_first.user_id = 200);

RESET client_min_messages;

-- we cannot push this down since it is NOT IN
-- we use repartition insert/select instead
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id NOT IN (SELECT raw_events_second.user_id
                   FROM   raw_events_second, raw_events_first
                   WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id = raw_events_first.user_id AND raw_events_first.user_id = 200);
$Q$);

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- safe to push down
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT 1
                   FROM   raw_events_second
                   WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id =raw_events_first.user_id);

-- we cannot push down
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
                   FROM   raw_events_second
                   WHERE  raw_events_second.user_id =raw_events_first.user_id);


-- more complex LEFT JOINs
 INSERT INTO agg_events
             (user_id, value_4_agg)
 SELECT
   outer_most.id, max(outer_most.value)
 FROM
 (
   SELECT f2.id as id, f2.v4 as value FROM
     (SELECT
           id
       FROM   (SELECT raw_events_first.user_id      AS id
                FROM   raw_events_first LEFT JOIN
                       reference_table
             ON (raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id)) AS foo) as f
   LEFT JOIN
     (SELECT v4,
           v1,
           id
     FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
                SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
                raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
             FROM   raw_events_first,
                     raw_events_second
             WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
             GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
             HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
 ON (f.id = f2.id)) as outer_most
 GROUP BY
   outer_most.id;

RESET client_min_messages;

-- cannot push down since the f.id IN is matched with value_1
-- we use repartition insert/select instead
SELECT coordinator_plan($Q$
EXPLAIN (costs off)
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (
SELECT f2.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT value_1
               FROM   raw_events_second));
$Q$);

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- same as above, but this time is it safe to push down since
-- f.id IN is matched with user_id
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (
SELECT f2.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT user_id
               FROM   raw_events_second));

RESET client_min_messages;

-- cannot push down since top level user_id is matched with NOT IN
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id NOT IN (
SELECT f2.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id = f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT user_id
               FROM   raw_events_second));

-- cannot push down since join is not equi join (f.id > f2.id)
INSERT INTO raw_events_second
            (user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   raw_events_first
WHERE  user_id IN (
SELECT f2.id FROM
(SELECT
      id
FROM   (SELECT reference_table.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               reference_table
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = reference_table.user_id ) AS foo) as f
INNER JOIN
(SELECT v4,
       v1,
       id
FROM   (SELECT SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) AS v4,
               SUM(raw_events_first.value_1) AS v1,
               raw_events_second.user_id      AS id
        FROM   raw_events_first,
               raw_events_second
        WHERE  raw_events_first.user_id = raw_events_second.user_id
        GROUP  BY raw_events_second.user_id
        HAVING SUM(raw_events_second.value_4) > 10) AS foo2 ) as f2
ON (f.id > f2.id)
WHERE f.id IN (SELECT user_id
               FROM   raw_events_second));

-- we currently not support grouping sets
INSERT INTO agg_events
            (user_id,
             value_1_agg,
             value_2_agg)
SELECT user_id,
       Sum(value_1) AS sum_val1,
       Sum(value_2) AS sum_val2
FROM   raw_events_second
GROUP  BY grouping sets ( ( user_id ), ( value_1 ), ( user_id, value_1 ), ( ) );

-- set back to INFO
SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- avoid constraint violations
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

-- we don't support LIMIT for subquery pushdown, but
-- we recursively plan the query and run it via coordinator
INSERT INTO agg_events(user_id)
SELECT user_id
FROM   users_table
WHERE  user_id
  IN (SELECT
      user_id
        FROM  (
                (
                  SELECT
                    user_id
                    FROM
                    (
                      SELECT
                        e1.user_id
                      FROM
                        users_table u1, events_table e1
                      WHERE
                        e1.user_id = u1.user_id LIMIT 3
                     ) as f_inner
                  )
          ) AS f2);

-- Altering a table and selecting from it using a multi-shard statement
-- in the same transaction is allowed because we will use the same
-- connections for all co-located placements.
BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE raw_events_second DROP COLUMN value_4;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;
ROLLBACK;

-- Alterating a table and selecting from it using a single-shard statement
-- in the same transaction is disallowed because we will use a different
-- connection.
BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE raw_events_second DROP COLUMN value_4;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 100;
ROLLBACK;

-- Altering a reference table and then performing an INSERT ... SELECT which
-- joins with the reference table is allowed, since the INSERT ... SELECT
-- would read from the reference table over the same connections with the ones
-- that performed the parallel DDL.
BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE reference_table ADD COLUMN z int;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id)
SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second JOIN reference_table USING (user_id);
ROLLBACK;

-- the same test with sequential DDL should work fine
BEGIN;
SET LOCAL citus.multi_shard_modify_mode TO 'sequential';
ALTER TABLE reference_table ADD COLUMN z int;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id)
SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second JOIN reference_table USING (user_id);
ROLLBACK;

-- Insert after copy is allowed
BEGIN;
COPY raw_events_second (user_id, value_1) FROM STDIN DELIMITER ',';
100,100
\.
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;
ROLLBACK;

-- Insert after copy is currently allowed for single-shard operation.
-- Both insert and copy are rolled back successfully.
BEGIN;
COPY raw_events_second (user_id, value_1) FROM STDIN DELIMITER ',';
101,101
\.
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 101;
SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_first WHERE user_id = 101;
ROLLBACK;

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;
COPY raw_events_first (user_id, value_1) FROM STDIN DELIMITER ',';
102,102
\.
ROLLBACK;

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 100;
COPY raw_events_first (user_id, value_1) FROM STDIN DELIMITER ',';
103,103
\.
ROLLBACK;

-- Similarly, multi-row INSERTs will take part in transactions and reuse connections...
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 100;
COPY raw_events_first (user_id, value_1) FROM STDIN DELIMITER ',';
104,104
\.
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1) VALUES (105, 105), (106, 106);
ROLLBACK;

-- selecting from views works
CREATE VIEW test_view AS SELECT * FROM raw_events_first;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (16, now(), 60, 600, 6000.1, 60000);
SELECT count(*) FROM raw_events_second;
INSERT INTO raw_events_second SELECT * FROM test_view;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, time, value_1, value_2, value_3, value_4) VALUES
                         (17, now(), 60, 600, 6000.1, 60000);
INSERT INTO raw_events_second SELECT * FROM test_view WHERE user_id = 17 GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6;
SELECT count(*) FROM raw_events_second;

-- intermediate results (CTEs) should be allowed when doing INSERT...SELECT within a CTE
WITH series AS (
  SELECT s AS val FROM generate_series(60,70) s
),
inserts AS (
  INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id)
  SELECT
    user_id
  FROM
    raw_events_first JOIN series ON (value_1 = val)
  RETURNING
    NULL
)
SELECT count(*) FROM inserts;

-- we need this in our next test
truncate raw_events_first;

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- first show that the query works now
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
truncate raw_events_first;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- now show that it works for a single shard query as well
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 5;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- if a single shard of the SELECT is unhealty, the query should fail
UPDATE pg_dist_shard_placement SET shardstate = 3 WHERE shardid = 13300004 AND nodeport = :worker_1_port;
truncate raw_events_first;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- this should fail
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;

-- this should also fail
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 5;

-- but this should work given that it hits different shard
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 6;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- mark the unhealthy placement as healthy again for the next tests
UPDATE pg_dist_shard_placement SET shardstate = 1 WHERE shardid = 13300004 AND nodeport = :worker_1_port;

-- now that we should show that it works if one of the target shard interval is not healthy
UPDATE pg_dist_shard_placement SET shardstate = 3 WHERE shardid = 13300000 AND nodeport = :worker_1_port;
truncate raw_events_first;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- this should work
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;
truncate raw_events_first;
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- this should also work
INSERT INTO raw_events_first SELECT * FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 5;

SET client_min_messages TO INFO;

-- now do some tests with varchars
INSERT INTO insert_select_varchar_test VALUES ('test_1', 10);
INSERT INTO insert_select_varchar_test VALUES ('test_2', 30);

INSERT INTO insert_select_varchar_test (key, value)
SELECT *, 100
FROM   (SELECT f1.key
        FROM   (SELECT key
                FROM   insert_select_varchar_test
                GROUP  BY 1
                HAVING Count(key) < 3) AS f1,
               (SELECT key
                FROM   insert_select_varchar_test
                GROUP  BY 1
                HAVING Sum(COALESCE(insert_select_varchar_test.value, 0)) >
                       20.0)
               AS f2
        WHERE  f1.key = f2.key
        GROUP  BY 1) AS foo;

SELECT * FROM insert_select_varchar_test ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

-- some tests with DEFAULT columns and constant values
-- this test is mostly importantly intended for deparsing the query correctly
-- but still it is preferable to have this test here instead of multi_deparse_shard_query
CREATE TABLE table_with_defaults
(
  store_id int,
  first_name text,
  default_1 int DEFAULT 1,
  last_name text,
  default_2 text DEFAULT '2'
);

-- we don't need many shards
SET citus.shard_count = 2;
SELECT create_distributed_table('table_with_defaults', 'store_id');

-- let's see the queries
SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG2;

-- a very simple query
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults SELECT * FROM table_with_defaults;

-- see that defaults are filled
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  store_id, first_name
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- shuffle one of the defaults and skip the other
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  default_2, store_id, first_name
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- shuffle both defaults
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, store_id, default_1, first_name)
SELECT
  default_2, store_id, default_1, first_name
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- use constants instead of non-default column
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, last_name, store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  default_2, 'Freund', store_id, 'Andres'
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- use constants instead of non-default column and skip both defauls
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (last_name, store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  'Freund', store_id, 'Andres'
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- use constants instead of default columns
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, last_name, store_id, first_name, default_1)
SELECT
  20, last_name, store_id, first_name, 10
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- use constants instead of both default columns and non-default columns
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, last_name, store_id, first_name, default_1)
SELECT
  20, 'Freund', store_id, 'Andres', 10
FROM
  table_with_defaults;

-- some of the ultimate queries where we have constants,
-- defaults and group by entry is not on the target entry
INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_2, store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  '2000', store_id, 'Andres'
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  last_name, store_id;

INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_1, store_id, first_name, default_2)
SELECT
  1000, store_id, 'Andres', '2000'
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  last_name, store_id, first_name;


INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_1, store_id, first_name, default_2)
SELECT
  1000, store_id, 'Andres', '2000'
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  last_name, store_id, first_name, default_2;

INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (default_1, store_id, first_name)
SELECT
  1000, store_id, 'Andres'
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  last_name, store_id, first_name, default_2;

RESET client_min_messages;

-- Stable function in default should be allowed
ALTER TABLE table_with_defaults ADD COLUMN t timestamptz DEFAULT now();

INSERT INTO table_with_defaults (store_id, first_name, last_name)
SELECT
  store_id, 'first '||store_id, 'last '||store_id
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  store_id, first_name, last_name;

-- Volatile function in default should be disallowed
CREATE TABLE table_with_serial (
  store_id int,
  s bigserial
);
SELECT create_distributed_table('table_with_serial', 'store_id');

INSERT INTO table_with_serial (store_id)
SELECT
  store_id
FROM
  table_with_defaults
GROUP BY
  store_id;

-- do some more error/error message checks
SET citus.shard_count TO 4;
SET citus.shard_replication_factor TO 1;
CREATE TABLE text_table (part_col text, val int);
CREATE TABLE char_table (part_col char[], val int);
create table table_with_starts_with_defaults (a int DEFAULT 5, b int, c int);
SELECT create_distributed_table('text_table', 'part_col');
SELECT create_distributed_table('char_table','part_col');
SELECT create_distributed_table('table_with_starts_with_defaults', 'c');

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG;

INSERT INTO text_table (part_col)
  SELECT
    CASE WHEN part_col = 'onder' THEN 'marco'
      END
FROM text_table ;



INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT COALESCE(part_col, 'onder') FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT GREATEST(part_col, 'jason') FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT LEAST(part_col, 'andres') FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT NULLIF(part_col, 'metin') FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT part_col isnull FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT part_col::text from char_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT (part_col = 'burak') is true FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT val FROM text_table;
INSERT INTO text_table (part_col) SELECT val::text FROM text_table;

RESET client_min_messages;

insert into table_with_starts_with_defaults (b,c) select b,c FROM table_with_starts_with_defaults;

-- Test on partition column without native hash function
CREATE TABLE raw_table
(
    id BIGINT,
    time DATE
);

CREATE TABLE summary_table
(
    time DATE,
    count BIGINT
);

SELECT create_distributed_table('raw_table', 'time');
SELECT create_distributed_table('summary_table', 'time');

INSERT INTO raw_table VALUES(1, '11-11-1980');
INSERT INTO summary_table SELECT time, COUNT(*) FROM raw_table GROUP BY time;

SELECT * FROM summary_table;

-- Test INSERT ... SELECT via coordinator

-- Select from constants
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1,2), (3,4), (5,6)) AS v(int,int);

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id;

-- Select from local functions
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

CREATE SEQUENCE insert_select_test_seq;

SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1, value_2)
SELECT
  s, nextval('insert_select_test_seq'), (random()*10)::int
FROM
  generate_series(1, 5) s;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- ON CONFLICT is supported
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT s, nextval('insert_select_test_seq') FROM generate_series(1, 5) s
ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;

-- RETURNING is supported
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT s, nextval('insert_select_test_seq') FROM generate_series(1, 5) s
RETURNING *;

RESET client_min_messages;

-- INSERT ... SELECT and multi-shard SELECT in the same transaction is supported
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT s, s FROM generate_series(1, 5) s;
SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY 1;
ROLLBACK;

-- INSERT ... SELECT and single-shard SELECT in the same transaction is supported
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT s, s FROM generate_series(1, 5) s;
SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first WHERE user_id = 1;
COMMIT;

-- Select from local table
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE raw_events_first_local AS
SELECT s AS u, 2*s AS v FROM generate_series(1, 5) s;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT u, v FROM raw_events_first_local;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- Use columns in opposite order
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (value_1, user_id)
SELECT u, v FROM raw_events_first_local;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- Set operations can work with opposite column order
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (value_3, user_id)
( SELECT v, u::bigint FROM raw_events_first_local )
UNION ALL
( SELECT v, u FROM raw_events_first_local );

SELECT user_id, value_3 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_3;

-- Select from other distributed table with limit
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;
TRUNCATE raw_events_second;

INSERT INTO raw_events_second (user_id, value_4)
SELECT s, 3*s FROM generate_series (1,5) s;

INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT user_id, value_4 FROM raw_events_second LIMIT 5;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- CTEs are supported in local queries
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

WITH removed_rows AS (
  DELETE FROM raw_events_first_local RETURNING u
)
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
WITH value AS (SELECT 1)
SELECT * FROM removed_rows, value;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- nested CTEs are also supported
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;
INSERT INTO raw_events_first_local SELECT s, 2*s FROM generate_series(0, 10) s;

WITH rows_to_remove AS (
  SELECT u FROM raw_events_first_local WHERE u > 0
),
removed_rows AS (
  DELETE FROM raw_events_first_local
  WHERE u IN (SELECT * FROM rows_to_remove)
  RETURNING u, v
)
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
WITH ultra_rows AS (
  WITH numbers AS (
    SELECT s FROM generate_series(1,10) s
  ),
  super_rows AS (
    SELECT u, v FROM removed_rows JOIN numbers ON (u = s)
  )
  SELECT * FROM super_rows LIMIT 5
)
SELECT u, v FROM ultra_rows;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- CTEs with duplicate names are also supported
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

WITH super_rows AS (
  SELECT u FROM raw_events_first_local
)
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
WITH super_rows AS (
  SELECT * FROM super_rows GROUP BY u
)
SELECT u, 5 FROM super_rows;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- CTEs are supported in router queries
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

WITH user_two AS (
  SELECT user_id, value_4 FROM raw_events_second WHERE user_id = 2
)
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT * FROM user_two;

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- CTEs are supported when there are name collisions
WITH numbers AS (
  SELECT s FROM generate_series(1,10) s
)
INSERT INTO raw_events_first(user_id, value_1)
WITH numbers AS (
  SELECT s, s FROM generate_series(1,5) s
)
SELECT * FROM numbers;

-- Select into distributed table with a sequence
CREATE TABLE "CaseSensitiveTable" ("UserID" int, "Value1" int);
SELECT create_distributed_table('"CaseSensitiveTable"', 'UserID');

INSERT INTO "CaseSensitiveTable"
SELECT s, s FROM generate_series(1,10) s;

SELECT * FROM "CaseSensitiveTable" ORDER BY "UserID";

DROP TABLE "CaseSensitiveTable";

-- Select into distributed table with a sequence
CREATE TABLE dist_table_with_sequence (user_id serial, value_1 serial);
SELECT create_distributed_table('dist_table_with_sequence', 'user_id');

-- from local query
INSERT INTO dist_table_with_sequence (value_1)
SELECT s FROM generate_series(1,5) s;

SELECT * FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- from a distributed query
INSERT INTO dist_table_with_sequence (value_1)
SELECT value_1 FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY value_1;

SELECT * FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

TRUNCATE dist_table_with_sequence;

INSERT INTO dist_table_with_sequence (user_id)
SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second ORDER BY user_id;

SELECT * FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

WITH top10 AS (
  SELECT user_id FROM raw_events_second WHERE value_1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY value_1 LIMIT 10
)
INSERT INTO dist_table_with_sequence (value_1)
SELECT * FROM top10;

SELECT * FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- router queries become logical planner queries when there is a nextval call
INSERT INTO dist_table_with_sequence (user_id)
SELECT user_id FROM dist_table_with_sequence WHERE user_id = 1;

SELECT * FROM dist_table_with_sequence ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

DROP TABLE dist_table_with_sequence;

-- Select from distributed table into reference table
CREATE TABLE ref_table (user_id serial, value_1 int);
SELECT create_reference_table('ref_table');

INSERT INTO ref_table
SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_second;

SELECT * FROM ref_table ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

INSERT INTO ref_table (value_1)
SELECT value_1 FROM raw_events_second ORDER BY value_1;

SELECT * FROM ref_table ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

INSERT INTO ref_table SELECT * FROM ref_table;
SELECT * FROM ref_table ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

DROP TABLE ref_table;

-- Select from reference table into reference table
CREATE TABLE ref1 (d timestamptz);
SELECT create_reference_table('ref1');

CREATE TABLE ref2 (d date);
SELECT create_reference_table('ref2');
INSERT INTO ref2 VALUES ('2017-10-31');

INSERT INTO ref1 SELECT * FROM ref2;
SELECT count(*) from ref1;

-- also test with now()
INSERT INTO ref1 SELECT now() FROM ref2;
SELECT count(*) from ref1;


DROP TABLE ref1;
DROP TABLE ref2;

-- Select into an append-partitioned table is not supported
CREATE TABLE insert_append_table (user_id int, value_4 bigint);
SELECT create_distributed_table('insert_append_table', 'user_id', 'append');

INSERT INTO insert_append_table (user_id, value_4)
SELECT user_id, 1 FROM raw_events_second LIMIT 5;

DROP TABLE insert_append_table;

-- Insert from other distributed table as prepared statement
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

PREPARE insert_prep(int) AS
INSERT INTO raw_events_first (user_id, value_1)
SELECT $1, value_4 FROM raw_events_second ORDER BY value_4 LIMIT 1;

EXECUTE insert_prep(1);
EXECUTE insert_prep(2);
EXECUTE insert_prep(3);
EXECUTE insert_prep(4);
EXECUTE insert_prep(5);
EXECUTE insert_prep(6);

SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM raw_events_first ORDER BY user_id, value_1;

-- Inserting into views is handled via coordinator
TRUNCATE raw_events_first;

INSERT INTO test_view
SELECT * FROM raw_events_second;

SELECT user_id, value_4 FROM test_view ORDER BY user_id, value_4;

-- Drop the view now, because the column we are about to drop depends on it
DROP VIEW test_view;

-- Make sure we handle dropped columns correctly
CREATE TABLE drop_col_table (col1 text, col2 text, col3 text);
SELECT create_distributed_table('drop_col_table', 'col2');

ALTER TABLE drop_col_table DROP COLUMN col1;

INSERT INTO drop_col_table (col3, col2)
SELECT value_4, user_id FROM raw_events_second LIMIT 5;

SELECT * FROM drop_col_table ORDER BY col2, col3;

-- make sure the tuple went to the right shard
SELECT * FROM drop_col_table WHERE col2 = '1';

RESET client_min_messages;

-- make sure casts are handled correctly
CREATE TABLE coerce_events(user_id int, time timestamp, value_1 numeric);
SELECT create_distributed_table('coerce_events', 'user_id');

CREATE TABLE coerce_agg (user_id int, value_1_agg int);
SELECT create_distributed_table('coerce_agg', 'user_id');

INSERT INTO coerce_events(user_id, value_1) VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2), (10, 10);

-- numeric -> int (straight function)
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
ORDER BY 2 DESC, 1 DESC
LIMIT 5;

-- int -> text
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ALTER COLUMN value_1_agg TYPE text;
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
LIMIT 5;

SELECT * FROM coerce_agg ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

TRUNCATE coerce_agg;

-- int -> char(1)
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ALTER COLUMN value_1_agg TYPE char(1);
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
LIMIT 5;

SELECT * FROM coerce_agg ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

TRUNCATE coerce_agg;
TRUNCATE coerce_events;

-- char(5) -> char(1)
ALTER TABLE coerce_events ALTER COLUMN value_1 TYPE char(5);
INSERT INTO coerce_events(user_id, value_1) VALUES (1, 'aaaaa'), (2, 'bbbbb');
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
LIMIT 5;

-- char(1) -> char(5)
ALTER TABLE coerce_events ALTER COLUMN value_1 TYPE char(1) USING value_1::char(1);
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ALTER COLUMN value_1_agg TYPE char(5);
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
LIMIT 5;
SELECT * FROM coerce_agg ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

TRUNCATE coerce_agg;
TRUNCATE coerce_events;

-- integer -> integer (check VALUE < 5)
ALTER TABLE coerce_events ALTER COLUMN value_1 TYPE integer USING NULL;
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ALTER COLUMN value_1_agg TYPE integer USING NULL;
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ADD CONSTRAINT small_number CHECK (value_1_agg < 5);

INSERT INTO coerce_events (user_id, value_1) VALUES (1, 1), (10, 10);

\set VERBOSITY TERSE

INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop;

\set VERBOSITY DEFAULT

SELECT * FROM coerce_agg ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

-- integer[3] -> text[3]
TRUNCATE coerce_events;
ALTER TABLE coerce_events ALTER COLUMN value_1 TYPE integer[3] USING NULL;
INSERT INTO coerce_events(user_id, value_1) VALUES (1, '{1,1,1}'), (2, '{2,2,2}');
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg DROP COLUMN value_1_agg;
ALTER TABLE coerce_agg ADD COLUMN value_1_agg text[3];
INSERT INTO coerce_agg(user_id, value_1_agg)
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT user_id, value_1
  FROM coerce_events
) AS ftop
LIMIT 5;

SELECT * FROM coerce_agg ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC;

-- INSERT..SELECT + prepared statements + recursive planning
BEGIN;
PREPARE prepared_recursive_insert_select AS
INSERT INTO users_table
SELECT * FROM users_table
WHERE value_1 IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table OFFSET 0);
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
EXECUTE prepared_recursive_insert_select;
ROLLBACK;

-- upsert with on conflict update distribution column is unsupported
INSERT INTO agg_events AS ae
            (
                        user_id,
                        value_1_agg,
                        agg_time
            )
SELECT user_id,
       value_1,
       time
FROM   raw_events_first
ON conflict (user_id, value_1_agg)
DO UPDATE
   SET    user_id = 42
RETURNING user_id, value_1_agg;

-- wrap in a transaction to improve performance
BEGIN;
DROP TABLE coerce_events;
DROP TABLE coerce_agg;
DROP TABLE drop_col_table;
DROP TABLE raw_table;
DROP TABLE summary_table;
DROP TABLE raw_events_first CASCADE;
DROP TABLE raw_events_second;
DROP TABLE reference_table;
DROP TABLE agg_events;
DROP TABLE table_with_defaults;
DROP TABLE table_with_serial;
DROP TABLE text_table;
DROP TABLE char_table;
DROP TABLE table_with_starts_with_defaults;
COMMIT;
