-- =================================================================== -- test recursive planning functionality with subqueries in WHERE -- =================================================================== CREATE SCHEMA subquery_in_where; SET search_path TO subquery_in_where, public; SET client_min_messages TO DEBUG1; --CTEs can be used as a recurring tuple with subqueries in WHERE WITH event_id AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT user_id AS events_user_id, time AS events_time, event_type FROM events_table) SELECT Count(*) FROM event_id WHERE events_user_id IN (SELECT user_id FROM users_table); --Correlated subqueries can not be used in WHERE clause WITH event_id AS(SELECT user_id AS events_user_id, time AS events_time, event_type FROM events_table) SELECT Count(*) FROM event_id WHERE events_user_id IN (SELECT user_id FROM users_table WHERE users_table.time = events_time); -- Recurring tuples as empty join tree SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS value_1, 3 AS value_3 UNION ALL SELECT 2 as id, 3 as value_1, 4 as value_3) AS tt1 WHERE id IN (SELECT user_id FROM events_table); -- Recurring tuples in from clause as CTE and SET operation in WHERE clause SELECT Count(*) FROM (WITH event_id AS (SELECT user_id AS events_user_id, time AS events_time, event_type FROM events_table) SELECT events_user_id, events_time, event_type FROM event_id ORDER BY 1,2,3 LIMIT 10) AS sub_table WHERE events_user_id IN ( (SELECT user_id FROM users_table ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 10) UNION ALL (SELECT value_1 FROM users_table ORDER BY 1 limit 10)); -- Recurring tuples in from clause as SET operation on recursively plannable -- queries and CTE in WHERE clause SELECT * FROM ( (SELECT user_id FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id ASC LIMIT 10 ) UNION ALL (SELECT value_1 FROM users_table ORDER BY value_1 ASC LIMIT 10 ) ) as SUB_TABLE WHERE user_id IN ( WITH event_id AS ( SELECT user_id as events_user_id, time as events_time, event_type FROM events_table ) SELECT events_user_id FROM event_id ORDER BY events_user_id LIMIT 10 ); -- Complex target list in WHERE clause SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT user_id as events_user_id, time as events_time, event_type FROM events_table ORDER BY 1,2 LIMIT 10 ) as SUB_TABLE WHERE events_user_id <=ANY ( SELECT max(abs(user_id * 1) + mod(user_id, 3)) as val_1 FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ); -- DISTINCT clause in WHERE SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT user_id as events_user_id, time as events_time, event_type FROM events_table LIMIT 10 ) as SUB_TABLE WHERE events_user_id IN ( SELECT distinct user_id FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ); -- AND in WHERE clause SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT user_id as events_user_id, time as events_time, event_type FROM events_table ORDER BY 1,2,3 LIMIT 10 ) as SUB_TABLE WHERE events_user_id >=ANY ( SELECT min(user_id) FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ) AND events_user_id <=ANY ( SELECT max(user_id) FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ); -- AND in WHERE clause, part of the AND is pushdownable other is not SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT user_id as events_user_id, time as events_time, event_type FROM events_table ORDER BY 1,2,3 LIMIT 10 ) as SUB_TABLE WHERE events_user_id >=ANY ( SELECT min(user_id) FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ) AND events_user_id <=ANY ( SELECT max(value_2) FROM users_table GROUP BY user_id ); -- Planning subqueries in WHERE clause in CTE recursively WITH cte AS ( SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id ASC, value_2 DESC LIMIT 10 ) as sub_table WHERE user_id IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table ) ) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cte; -- Planing subquery in WHERE clause in FROM clause of a subquery recursively SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id ASC, value_2 DESC LIMIT 10 ) as sub_table_1 WHERE user_id IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table ) ) as sub_table_2; -- Recurring table in the FROM clause of a subquery in the FROM clause -- Recurring table is created by joining a two recurrign table SELECT SUM(user_id) FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT user_id FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t1 INNER JOIN (SELECT user_id as user_id_2 FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t2 ON t1.user_id = t2.user_id_2 WHERE t1.user_id IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table) ) as t3 WHERE user_id >ANY (SELECT min(user_id) FROM events_table GROUP BY user_id); -- Same example with the above query, but now check the rows with EXISTS SELECT SUM(user_id) FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT user_id FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t1 INNER JOIN (SELECT user_id as user_id_2 FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t2 ON t1.user_id = t2.user_id_2 WHERE t1.user_id IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table) ) as t3 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1,2 FROM events_table WHERE events_table.value_2 = events_table.user_id); -- Same query with the above one, yet now we check the row's NON-existence -- by NOT EXISTS. Note that, max value_2 of events_table is 5 SELECT SUM(user_id) FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT user_id FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t1 INNER JOIN (SELECT user_id as user_id_2 FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as t2 ON t1.user_id = t2.user_id_2 WHERE t1.user_id IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table) ) as t3 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1,2 FROM events_table WHERE events_table.value_2 = events_table.user_id + 6); -- Check the existence of row by comparing it with the result of subquery in -- WHERE clause. Note that subquery is planned recursively since there is no -- distributed table in the from SELECT * FROM (SELECT user_id, value_1 FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id ASC, value_1 ASC LIMIT 10) as t3 WHERE row(user_id, value_1) = (SELECT min(user_id) + 1, min(user_id) + 1 FROM events_table); -- Recursively plan subquery in WHERE clause when the FROM clause has a subquery -- generated by generate_series function SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10) ) as gst WHERE generate_series IN (SELECT value_2 FROM events_table ) ORDER BY generate_series ASC; -- Similar to the test above, now we also have a generate_series in WHERE clause SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10) ) as gst WHERE generate_series IN (SELECT user_id FROM users_table WHERE user_id IN (SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,3) ) ) ORDER BY generate_series ASC; -- non-colocated subquery in WHERE clause ANDed with false SELECT count(*) FROM users_Table WHERE (FALSE AND EXISTS (SELECT * FROM events_table)); -- multiple non-colocated subqueries in WHERE clause ANDed with false SELECT count(*) FROM users_Table WHERE value_1 IN (SELECT value_1 FROM users_Table) OR (FALSE AND EXISTS (SELECT * FROM events_table)); -- multiple non-colocated subqueries in WHERE clause ANDed with false SELECT count(*) FROM users_Table WHERE value_1 IN (SELECT value_1 FROM users_Table) AND (FALSE AND EXISTS (SELECT * FROM events_table)); -- non-colocated subquery in WHERE clause ANDed with true SELECT count(*) FROM users_Table WHERE (TRUE AND EXISTS (SELECT * FROM events_table)); -- multiple non-colocated subqueries in WHERE clause ANDed with true SELECT count(*) FROM users_Table WHERE value_1 IN (SELECT value_1 FROM users_Table) OR (EXISTS (SELECT * FROM events_table)); -- correlated subquery with aggregate in WHERE SELECT * FROM users_table WHERE user_id IN ( SELECT SUM(events_table.user_id) FROM events_table WHERE users_table.user_id = events_table.user_id ) ; -- correlated subquery with aggregate in HAVING SELECT * FROM users_table WHERE user_id IN ( SELECT SUM(events_table.user_id) FROM events_table WHERE events_table.user_id = users_table.user_id HAVING MIN(value_2) > 2 ) ; -- Local tables also planned recursively, so using it as part of the FROM clause -- make the clause recurring CREATE TABLE local_table(id int, value_1 int); INSERT INTO local_table VALUES(1,1), (2,2); SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM local_table) as sub_table WHERE id IN (SELECT user_id FROM users_table); -- Use local table in WHERE clause SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM users_table ORDER BY user_id LIMIT 10) as sub_table WHERE user_id IN (SELECT id FROM local_table); -- basic NOT IN correlated subquery SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_2 NOT IN (SELECT value_2 FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id); -- correlated subquery with limit SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_2 IN (SELECT value_2 FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id ORDER BY value_2 LIMIT 1); -- correlated subquery with distinct SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_2 IN (SELECT DISTINCT (value_3) FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id); -- correlated subquery with aggregate SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_2 = (SELECT max(value_2) FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id); -- correlated subquery with window function SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_2 IN (SELECT row_number() OVER () FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id); -- correlated subquery with group by SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN (SELECT min(value_3) FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id GROUP BY value_2); SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN (SELECT min(value_3) FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id GROUP BY value_2); -- correlated subquery with group by SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN (SELECT min(value_3) v FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id GROUP BY e.value_2); -- correlated subquery with having SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN (SELECT min(value_3) v FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id GROUP BY e.value_2 HAVING min(value_3) > (SELECT 1)); SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN (SELECT min(value_3) v FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id GROUP BY e.value_2 HAVING min(value_3) > (SELECT e.value_3)); -- nested correlated subquery SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN ( SELECT min(r.value_3) v FROM users_reference_table r JOIN (SELECT * FROM users_table WHERE user_id = e.user_id) u USING (user_id) WHERE u.value_2 > 3 GROUP BY e.value_2 HAVING min(r.value_3) > e.value_3); -- not co-located correlated subquery SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN ( SELECT min(r.value_3) v FROM users_reference_table r JOIN (SELECT * FROM users_table WHERE value_2 = e.user_id) u USING (user_id) WHERE u.value_2 > 3 GROUP BY e.value_2 HAVING min(r.value_3) > e.value_3); -- cartesian correlated subquery SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN ( SELECT min(r.value_3) v FROM users_reference_table r JOIN users_table u USING (user_id) WHERE u.value_2 > 3 GROUP BY e.value_2 HAVING min(r.value_3) > e.value_3); -- even more subtle cartesian correlated subquery SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN ( SELECT min(r.value_3) v FROM users_reference_table r JOIN users_table u USING (user_id) WHERE u.value_2 > 3 GROUP BY u.value_2 HAVING min(r.value_3) > e.value_3); -- not a correlated subquery, uses recursive planning SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e WHERE value_3 IN ( SELECT min(r.value_3) v FROM users_reference_table r JOIN users_table u USING (user_id) WHERE u.value_2 > 3 GROUP BY r.value_2 HAVING min(r.value_3) > 0); -- two levels of correlation should also allow -- merge step in the subquery SELECT sum(value_1) FROM users_table u WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM events_table e WHERE u.user_id = e.user_id AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM users_table u2 WHERE u2.user_id = u.user_id AND u2.value_1 = 5 LIMIT 1)); -- correlated subquery in WHERE, with a slightly -- different syntax that the result of the subquery -- is compared with a constant SELECT sum(value_1) FROM users_table u1 WHERE (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e1.value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id ) > 115; -- a correlated subquery which requires merge step -- can be pushed down on UPDATE/DELETE queries as well -- rollback to keep the rest of the tests unchanged BEGIN; UPDATE users_table u1 SET value_1 = (SELECT count(DISTINCT value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id); DELETE FROM users_table u1 WHERE (SELECT count(DISTINCT value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id) > 10; ROLLBACK; -- a correlated anti-join can also be pushed down even if the subquery -- has a LIMIT SELECT avg(value_1) FROM users_table u WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 'XXX' FROM events_table e WHERE u.user_id = e.user_id and e.value_2 > 10000 LIMIT 1); -- a [correlated] lateral join can also be pushed down even if the subquery -- has an aggregate wout a GROUP BY SELECT max(min_of_val_2), max(u1.value_1) FROM users_table u1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT min(e1.value_2) as min_of_val_2 FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id) as foo ON (true); -- a self join is followed by a correlated subquery EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM users_table u1 JOIN users_table u2 USING (user_id) WHERE u1.value_1 < u2.value_1 AND (SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u2.user_id) > 10; -- when the colocated join of the FROM clause -- entries happen on WHERE clause, Citus cannot -- pushdown -- Likely that the colocation checks should be -- improved SELECT u1.user_id, u2.user_id FROM users_table u1, users_table u2 WHERE u1.value_1 < u2.value_1 AND (SELECT count(*) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u2.user_id AND u1.user_id = u2.user_id) > 10 ORDER BY 1,2; -- create a view that contains correlated subquery CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW correlated_subquery_view AS SELECT u1.user_id FROM users_table u1 WHERE (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e1.value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id ) > 0; SELECT sum(user_id) FROM correlated_subquery_view; -- now, join the view with another correlated subquery SELECT sum(mx) FROM correlated_subquery_view LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT max(value_2) as mx FROM events_table WHERE correlated_subquery_view.user_id = events_table.user_id) as foo ON (true); -- as an edge case, JOIN is on false SELECT sum(mx) FROM correlated_subquery_view LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT max(value_2) as mx FROM events_table WHERE correlated_subquery_view.user_id = events_table.user_id) as foo ON (false); SELECT sum(value_1) FROM users_table u1 WHERE (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e1.value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id AND false ) > 115; SELECT sum(value_1) FROM users_table u1 WHERE (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e1.value_2) FROM events_table e1 WHERE e1.user_id = u1.user_id ) > 115 AND false; SET client_min_messages TO DEFAULT; DROP TABLE local_table; DROP SCHEMA subquery_in_where CASCADE; SET search_path TO public;